Presently, major events causing layers of frazil slush, congealed frazil slush, and drained snow ice can easily be recognized and interpreted. In addition to ice induced extreme flow events, river ice can also have serious environmental and ecological effects e. To analyze the seasonal progression of ice cover across the great lakes, the daily average lake ice cover is calculated for each of the great lakes and winter seasons. Analysis of lake and river ice phenologies has a long history 1,2628. Typical examples occur where two rivers meet, and at the upstream end of a dam or reservoir pool. River and lake ice thickening, thinning, and snow ice. Of the 542 water bodies that have records longer than 19 years, 370 of them are in north america and 172 are in eurasia.
This book has been an excellent edition to many engineering libraries, an informative source to consultants, as well as an essential textbook for introductory courses on river and lake ice. Freeze and breakup dates of ice on lakes and rivers provide consistent evidence of later freezing and earlier breakup around the northern hemisphere from 1846 to 1995. It covers of many aspects of ice and that is going with the water underneath it. Remote sensing studies of lake and river ice have employed. The evaluation and eventual prediction of the mechanical properties of the various ice types according to such a classification will be helpful in solving engineering and navigation problems. That is, the ice forms in the autumn, thickens during the winter, and melts in the spring. A smooth, continuous ice cover formed by freezing in the case of lake ice, or by the arrest and juxtaposition of ice floes in a single layer in the case of river ice. The response and role of ice cover in lakeclimate interactions. Jan 22, 2012 climatic changes to freshwater ice in the arctic are projected to produce a variety of effects on hydrologic, ecological, and socioeconomic systems. Over these 150 years, changes in freeze dates averaged 5. In cold regions, regulation affects, and is affected by, ice formation, growth and breakup in multiple ways. In the last couple of decades, significant progress has been made on river ice research.
The present study investigates the changes in dissolved organic matter dom composition and its influences on trace metal dispersion from shuya river sr in the petrozavodsk bay of lake onega during icecovered and icefree periods. Google books currently has river lake ice engineering on line. The first goal is to obtain 7 years of processed data for specific targets, then to propose the worldwide coverage of large rivers and lakes over 7 years, and finally to make all rlh and rla products available to. Alluvium clay, silt, sand, gravel, or other rock material transported by flowing water and deposited in riverbeds, estuaries, and floodplains, on lakes, shores, and in fans at the base of. Making a difference by working together at carlyle lake, st. Efficient and economical development or restoration of waterfront structures requires extensive experience in geotechnical engineering and familiarity with structural systems used on the waterfront. Crrel and erdc are part of the army core of engineers. Also it is kept 1m below the top surface to avoid entry of floating particles. Hydraulic modeling of ice jams requires some estimate of ice thickness. Our hydraulic engineers have indepth river and river ice engineering assessment expertise including. River ice is known to have an important impact on the water cycle and hydraulic engineering infrastructures. This paper deals with the various mechanisms of formation of river and lake ice, the effect of ice cover, and the various mechanisms of breakup as they influence hydrological phenomena. This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book.
Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the northern. Projections generally indicate further delays in freeze up and further advances in break up, with the amount of change depending on the degree of warming that is forecast10,22. Ice formation river ice covers form initially in processes ranging from the purely static to the purely dynamic. Ice affects all of us, often in ways that we are only beginning to perceive or understand. Analysis of great lakes ice cover climatology winters 2012. Army corps of engineers cecweh washington, dc 20314 manual no. It is shown that for the lake ice the grain structure, and resulting mechanical properties, vary through the thickness of the ice and depend on the proximity to the shores and water inlets. Dissolved organic matter and associated trace metal dynamics. Cgu hs committee on river ice processes and the environment. River ice causes prevalent problems in canada and will be addressed in this course.
In northern countries ice represents an environmental hazard that can endanger human lives and influence human activities such as industrial. This book exposes practitioners and students to the theory and application of river and lake ice processes to gain a better understanding of these processes for modelling and forecasting. The igld 1985 relationships in the lake winnebago system are currently being updated. Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the. Ashton, river lake ice engineering, water resources publications, pages 2730. From the formation of ice covers to breakup and ice jams. The structure and mechanical properties of river and lake ice article in cold regions science and technology 483. Azizul hoque for a substantial portion of the year many canadian rivers are frozen. Intake structures function and types of intakes civil. Much of the region experienced daily high temperatures in the 70s and 80s those 2 days. Breakup and subsequent ice jams cause significant damage in some areas.
They are also powerful waterways, often requiring careful monitoring and management. Simulation of river ice processes in a regulated ice covered river. River engineering is a signature corps of engineers discipline, with much of the expertise in the corps growing out of the inland navigation program. Army engineer research and development center, hanover, new hampshire. Key hydrologic impacts include changes to low flows, lake evaporation regimes and water levels, and river ice breakup severity and timing. The conduit is supported on pillars 12m above the bottom to prevent entry of silt. This form of ice is also called overflow, icings, or the russian term, nal. The hudson river black river regulating district is a new york state public benefit corporation that protects public health and safety by regulating the flow of waters in two great neighboring watersheds in the adirondack region. Lake ice crystal structure ice formation on a lake in a calm and cold night takes place in different stages. Even though the topics in this book do not directly address sea ice, however much of the content may be applied to problems involved with saline ice. Kate white, nationallyrecognized expert on river ice, explores basic river ice processes including the formation, growth, breakup, and transport of river ice and how it can become jammed, triggering floods. River lake ice engineering grew out of a need for a single, introductory source for the general principles for engineering applied to river and lake ice problems. The most recent book on lake ice is matti lepp arantas freezing of lakes and the evolution of their ice cover.
Louis district carlyle lake located in illinois 50 miles from st. From the hydraulics perspective, the formation of an ice cover on the. A report on winter stream flow and its measurement,1 published by the survey in 1907, brought together the information available at that time and formulated for the first time certain laws that relate to the distribution of velocity under ice and have been found to. Humic substances hs found in the sr dominated the composition of dom through the river bay lake continuum in both periods. People have intervened in the natural course and behaviour of rivers since before recorded historyto manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier. Lake ice and river ice are primarily northern hemisphere phenomena, where most of the ice is seasonal. Classification of river and lake ice canadian science publishing. The structure and mechanical properties of river and lake ice. Ice in regulated rivers and reservoirs committee on river. Army engineer research and development center, hanover. Introduction river regulation is the act of controlling water levels or flow variability to meet human demands.
This is discussed in this paper under three headings. This form of ice is also called overflow, icings, or the russian term, naled. Ice left along shoreline when a freezeup or breakup jam fails and moves downstream. From formation of ice covers to breakup and ice jams, this course will illustrate the river ice processes and identify common problems associated with these processes through case studies. Their strengths as a climate proxy include the broad spatial distribution of sites, the annual resolution of the data, a longer record than other direct measures such as air temperature, and the relative ease and precision of measuring freeze and breakup dates both. River and lake ice engineering, water resources publications, littleton. This course will provide an introduction to river ice engineering and is tailored to an audience of nonspecialist professionals. Global lake and river ice phenology database, version 1.
The hudson riverblack river regulating district is a new york state public benefit corporation that protects public health and safety by regulating the flow of waters in two great neighboring watersheds in the adirondack region. River and lake ice processesimpacts of freshwater ice on aquatic. River ice processes and ice flood forecasting a guide. A river intake consists of a port conduit provided with a grating and a sump or gravity well. Introduction to river ice engineering epic environmental. Page 1 of 2 northwestern division, missouri river basin water management daily river bulletin project data datetime. Humic substances hs found in the sr dominated the composition of dom through the riverbaylake continuum in both periods. Information about lake winnebago including important notices, levels and flows, basin precipitation, basin water temperature, and other resources. The method presented here to retrieve lake ice thickness erties of the various layers that make up the lake ice cover. In addition to iceinduced extreme flow events, river ice can also have serious environmental and ecological effects e. The global lake and river ice phenology database contains freeze and thawbreakup dates as well as other descriptive ice cover data for 865 lakes and rivers in the northern hemisphere. Aug 26, 2014 the hydrological effect of river ice is mainly its influence on the river discharge and stages.
Ice phenology trends have typically been associated with variations in air temperatures while ice thickness trends tend to be associated more to changes in snow cover. Classification of river and lake ice canadian geotechnical. This book is thought of by some as the bible of river and lake ice. Ice formation can affect the design, operation, and maintenance of hydraulic engineering facilities, in addition to issues related to ecological, environmental, and morphological aspects of the river. Dissolved organic matter and associated trace metal. Lake ice 7 attempted to use sources that appear to be consistent from year to year, such as a local resident who collects data over a long period. Channel morphology may be altered by ice 2nd joint federal interagency conference, las vegas, nv, june 27 july 1, 2010. In rivers, the ice cover sometimes forms as an initial skim ice cover but at other times the. Army corps of engineers weekly great lakes water level update may 08, 2020 weather conditions last weekend, temperatures in the great lakes region started near average, but on saturday and sunday, temperatures climbed to 5 to 15 degrees f above normal.
The hydrological effect of river ice is mainly its influence on the river discharge and stages. Scientific and engineering studies of freshwater ice lake and river ice. Northwestern division, missouri river basin water management. Lake and river ice investigations in northern manitoba using.
Simulation of river ice processes in a regulated ice. Lake level and discharges in redbold exceed arbitrary impact levels. River engineering is the process of planned human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit. Northwestern division, missouri river basin water management daily river bulletin project data datetime. People have intervened in the natural course and behaviour of rivers since before recorded historyto manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers e. Waterfront structures define the shoreline in ocean, lake and river environments. The purpose of this paper is to relate the mechanical behaviors of seasonal lake and river ice to their grain structures. This manuscript is the third of three papers in this journal special issue callaghan et al. Army corps of engineers ice engineering manual usace 2002. At all of our lake and river projects visitors come to enjoy the outdoors and most of them spend time on, in, or near the water. Ashton is available from water resources publications.
Classification of river and lake ice, canadian geotechnical journal, vol. Ice formation can affect the design, operation, and maintenance of hydraulic engineering facilities, in addition to issues related to ecological, environmental, and morphological aspects of. Waterfront structures geotechnical engineering mrce. River lake ice engineering water resources publications. A report on winter stream flow and its measurement,1 published by the survey in 1907, brought together the information available at that time and formulated for the first time certain laws that relate to the distribution of velocity under ice and have been found to be ap.
The evaluation and eventual prediction of the mechanical properties of the various ice types according to such a classification will be helpful in solving engineering. The first site examined is that for bethel ak on the kuskokwim river. Chapter 3 geology of new york state nysdot geotechnical page 310 june 17, 20 design manual ablation the decrease in size and extent of a glacier by melting and evaporation. Average ice cover is the mean of all ice concentrations recorded in a specific lake for a measured date. The river ice processes module provides information on flooding associated with river ice jams. The present study investigates the changes in dissolved organic matter dom composition and its influences on trace metal dispersion from shuya river sr in the petrozavodsk bay of lake onega during ice covered and ice free periods. Radar signals interact with lake and river ice in a number of. Plotted are the observed ice thicknesses, the observed snow cover thickness on the ice, and the results of the daily step simulation using a thermal conductivity of the snow of 0. Simulation of river ice processes in a regulated ice covered. Rivers can act as both recreational and vital commercial spaces.
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