Gallic acid definition of gallic acid by medical dictionary. Present study was undertaken to collect data on medicinal uses and. Gallic acid was found to possess antiinflammatory activity towards zymosaninduced acute food pad swelling in mice. When rsd values for interday studies were investigated, it was seen that rsd values for gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and epigallocatechin were out of the limits. Tannin, also called tannic acid, any of a group of paleyellow to lightbrown amorphous substances in the form of powder, flakes, or a spongy mass, widely distributed in plants and used chiefly in tanning leather, dyeing fabric, making ink, and in various medical applications. A pharmacological perspective global research online. Gallic acid, chemical formula c6h2oh3co2h is an acid found in many plants and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect our cells against oxidative damage. Determination of gallic acid and rutin in extracts cassia. Gallic acid is a natural phenolic compound found in several fruits and medicinal plants. The solubility of gallic acid in ethanol and dmso is approximately 16 mgml and. Gallic acid induces apoptosis and enhances the anticancer. A patent was granted weetal, 1985b for the synthesis of propyl gallate using tannase immobilized on porous silica. It is reported to have several healthpromoting effects. High performance liquid chromatography and metabolomics.
Antibacterial activities of gallic acid and gallic acid methyl ester on methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus salha h. Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and. Gallic acid and its derivatives have a large number of applications in various fields of science. It contain high percentage of phenolic constituents consisting of mdigallic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic and ellagic acids, leucocyanidin, mdigallic dimer 3,4,5,7tetrahydroxy flavan3. Gallic acid and derivatives have shown not only the antitumoral properties highlighted here, but also their selective cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cells with a higher activity than that shown against nontumoral cell lines. Standard curve of gallic acid results and discussion the amount of total phenol was determined with the folinciocalteu reagent. The form and dosage depend on the age of the patient and condition being treated. Pdf medical importance of gallic acid and its ester.
Incorporating bioactive molecules with fepolyphenols coordination polymers is greatly significant to take full advantages of their superiorities for advanced application. These ester derivatives, especially alkyl esters, demonstrated more favorable pharmacological properties, and in many cases these effects. Acacia nilotica linn is a plant of multipurpose medicinal uses, three bioactive flavonoids methyl gallate, gallic acid and catechin were isolated from its fruit pulps through a bioassay guided. A role of gallic acid in oxidative damage diseases. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a standard for determining the phenol content a large group of several hundred chemical substances of various analytes by the. It is, however, converted into gallic acid in the stomach before absorption. Azadirachta indica neem is a higly regarded tree in india for its potent medicinal properties, neem got its distinction of sarva roga nivarini one that could cure all ailments and ills during ancient times. Showing all foods in which the polyphenol gallic acid is found food composition. A number of medicinal properties have been ascribed to various parts of this highly esteemed plant table 1. Gallic acid 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid ga is a natural botanic phenolic compound which can induce cell apoptosis in several types of cancers. G allic acid 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid, c 6 h 2 oh 3 cooh is obtained from nutgalls and other plants or by the hydrolysis of tannic acid with sulfuric acid. It is found both free and as part of hydrolyzable tannins.
Pdf gallic acid and its derivatives have a large number of applications in various fields of science. Results are expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent gae100g of leaves. Gallic acid showed the selective cytotoxicity for cancerous cells and has very less toxicity for normal cells chia et al. Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. The gallic acid groups are usually bonded to form dimers such. Owing to its wide range of applicability, it is extensively used in medicine. It coagulates albumen and gelatin, while gallic acid does not. For most of the components, these rsd values for intraday studies were lower than 1%, which shows that the method was very precise in intraday studies, with the exception of gallic acid. Its supplements are available as capsules, ointments and liquid extracts, and have been used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments. Review article biological activities and medicinal. Rudraksha provides strength to the body and helps as adjuvants in various diseases to reduce debility due to them. Tannic acid is the most powerful of the two as an astringent. Its actions against cancer make this compound an important biomolecule for therapeutic uses. In this work, we measured tannase in aspergillus niger fermented tea leaves and confirmed the production of fungal tannase during puerh tea fermentation.
In addition to being toxic towards cancerous cells, gallic acid does not have any negative effects on healthy cells. Skeels jambolan is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. As such, the potential of gallic acid as a treatment for cancer is. Bioactivities of traditional medicinal plants in alexandria. Figure 2 shows the important uses of gallic acid and its ester derivatives. Alzahrani biology department, faculty of science for girls, king abdul aziz university, saudi arabia abstract dried pomegranate peels were powdered and extracted by maceration in ethanol for 2 days at room temperature. Find out the uses, facts, chemical structure, health benefits, food sources, and possible side effects of gallic acid. Medicinal and nutritional values of macrotyloma uniflorum lam. Gallic acid has diverse effects on various tumor types at different molecular levels.
Gallic acid, one of the components in many plant tissues. Phenolic extracts from various algerian plants as strong inhibitors of. Medicinal uses for gallic acid the gallic acid extracted from grape seeds has been shown to induce apoptosis or cell death in prostate and breast cancer cells. However, tannic acid seems unsafe when applied to the skin to treat diaper rash, prickly heat, and minor burn or sunburn. Gallic acid h 3c oh oh oh oh oh oh oh o o o o o o ho ho l.
Pdf pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and diseases. Antibacterial activities of gallic acid and gallic acid. Besides the edible uses of gallic acid and its ester derivatives as flavoring agents. Functionalproteinassisted fabrication of fegallic acid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the gallic acid in the solvent of choice. In the present study, we aimed to explore the anticancer effects of ga on human sclc h446 cells and its promotive effects on the anticancer activities of cisplatin. Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gallic and. It is widely present in the plant kingdom and represent a large family of plant secondary metabolites and hence natural antioxidants. Pdf gallic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in processed beverages such as red wines and green teas. Rutin ch 3 ch 3 h 3c h 3 c ch 3 ch ch 3 h 3c h o k. The structure was identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with authentic compound.
Gallic acid is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, dmso, and dimethyl formamide dmf, which should be purged with an inert gas. Therapeutic applications of pomegranate punica granatum l. Its bioactive constituents include azadirachtin antimalarial, gedunin antimalarial, antifungal, nimbidin antiinflammatory, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, antiulcerant. Background gallic acid is an organic acid, known as 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves and. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total. Twenty micromolar of phenolic acid ga and pca solutions was prepared and their antioxidant properties determined. Kaempherol o o ho ho oh oh o ho ho oh oh o o o oh oh oh o. Studies to determine its effectiveness for fever reduction, as a mosquito repellent, and to.
Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and diseases. To conclude, it is evident that gallic acid and its derivatives play a pivotal role in imparting medicinal properties of the plant and therefore it is considered as promising lead molecule for new drug development. The anticancer activity of gallic acid was found to be dose dependent in both the cell lines. A decrease in catechin and theaflavin gallates and a significant increase in ga. Fepolyphenols coordination polymers have emerged as a versatile theranostic nanoplatform for biological applications owing to the appealing biocompatibility of precursors from nature. Gallic acid also known as 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. Gallic acid is also part of the structure of other, larger polyphenolic compounds, the molecules made. Gallic acid and its derivatives such as lauryl gallate, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, tetradecyl gallate, and hexadecyl gallate, can inhibit the oxidation and rancidity of oils and fats ascribed to their free radical scavenging and antioxidant nature. Uses and facts it is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a standard for determining the phenol content a large group of several hundred chemical substances of various analytes by the folinciocalteau assay. Gallic acid is an organic acid found in foods such as blueberries, apples, flaxseeds, tea leaves, oak bark, walnuts and watercress. Therefore, they can be useful as additives in the food industry 4.
Gallic acid is present in green tea, fruits and vegetables faried, et. It reduces headache and beneficial in mental disorders. Antioxidative, tyrosinase inhibiting and antibacterial. The gallic acid extracted from grape seeds has been shown to induce apoptosis or cell death in prostate and breast cancer cells. Jamun fruit seeds and pulp have been reported to serve various purposes in diabetic patients, such as lowering blood glucose levels. Gallic acid, one of the components in many plant tissues, is a potential inhibitor for insulin amyloid fibril formation. Older reports from indian medical journals suggest jambul seed and bark can be beneficial in humans with diabetes 25. Then, interaction of the phenolic acids with key enzymes linked to type. Showing all foods in which the polyphenol gallic acid is.
Gallic acid is also used in the enzymatic synthesis of propyl gallate, which is mainly used an an antioxidant in fats and oils, as well as in beverages weetal, 1985a. Gallic acid is a phytochemical found in many plant tissues, both as a free compound and as a component of the plant polymer tannin. Gallic acid has two functional groups in the same molecule, hydroxyl groups and a carboxylic acid group. Besides the edible uses of gallic acid and its ester derivatives as flavoring agents and preservatives in the food industry, there are diverse scientific reports on biological and pharmacological activities of these phytochemicals, with emphasis on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective effects 4. Pdf medical importance of gallic acid and its ester derivatives. Anticancer effects of gallic acid isolated from indonesian. Tannic acid is safe when used in the amounts found in foods. In nature, these compounds are widely distributed in plants and fruits, and thus they are being used as food stuffs, preservatives, etc. Thus, it is imperative to promote more credible research on exploring medicinal properties of gallic acid and its congeners. According to others tannic acid is simply gallic acid anhydride, and the difference is one of hydration. Decent amounts of calcium, copper, potassium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin b1. This study sought to investigate antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gallic acid ga and protocatechuic acids pcas based on their structurefunction relationship. According to ancient texts, rudraksha has several types based on its structure.
Academy of scientific and innovative research acsir, anusandhan bhawn, 2 rafi marg, new delhi 110 001, india. The results showed high components of gallic acid and rutin in all extracts of c. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an ec 1. Tannin solutions are acid and have an astringent taste. Gallic acid, chemical formula c6h2oh3co2h is an acid found in many plants and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect our cells against oxidative damage uses and facts. This phenolic molecule is an antioxidant, and appears to have antimicrobial and anticancer activities in animal studies.
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